Co-firing
Co-firing biomass as a secondary fuel in a coal-burning power plant using high-sulfur coal could help reduce sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions. Also, Co-firing decreases net carbon dioxide emissions from the power plant (if the biomass fuel comes from a sustainable source). Co-firing may require wood fuel preparation or boiler modifications to maintain boiler efficiency.
As an example see Chariton Valley and Lyonsdale Biomass.
Direct Combustion
Grass pellet energy is a promising alternative for rural communities. Perennial grass production is an efficient use of low-cost marginal farmland. Pelletized grass biofuel has the potential to become a major affordable, unsubsidized fuel source capable of meeting home and small business heating requirements.
Cornell Grass Pellet Project
Biobricks are being manufactured in Berlin, CT from wood byproducts and are being delivered throughout New England. These bricks can be burned in traditional woodstoves and fireplaces. Test runs have recently been completed at the manufacturing plant using perennial grasses and combinations of saw dust and perennial grasses to make biobricks.
Small Scale Heating
Pelleted grass has almost the same energy content as pelleted wood, with 3-5% less BTUs per pound. Perennial grass can be pelleted and used successfully as a heating source. A low-technology, small-scale alternative energy system means local production, local processing, and local consumption. Small scale pellet boilers providing central hot water heating are currently being developed in Europe to burn reed grass pellets.